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Chicken Parmesan, affectionately known as Chicken Parmigiana, is an iconic dish with deep roots in Italian-American cuisine. Combining crispy chicken cutlets, rich marinara sauce, and gooey cheese, it delivers a mouthwatering experience in every bite. While it’s widely available at restaurants, nothing beats the satisfaction of preparing it at home.

But what is chicken parmesan made of exactly? From the choice of chicken to the tangy tomato sauce and creamy cheese, each element plays a critical role. This article will dive into the history, ingredients, preparation techniques, and variations of this cherished dish, ensuring you have all the tools to create a perfect Chicken Parmesan.

For a deeper dive into Italian-American culinary traditions, check out the history of Italian-American cuisine.

The Essential Components of Chicken Parmesan

Chicken Cutlets

Chicken Parmesan starts with boneless, skinless chicken breasts.
The chicken is pounded to a uniform thickness, which serves two purposes:
- It ensures even cooking.
- It tenderizes the meat for a softer bite.

Pro tip: Use high-quality, free-range chicken breasts for the best flavor and texture.

Breaded Coating

A golden, crispy breading is a hallmark of Chicken Parmesan. The coating is achieved using:
- Italian-style breadcrumbs for flavor.
- Panko breadcrumbs for extra crunch.
A dredging station with flour, beaten eggs, and the breadcrumb mixture ensures the breading adheres perfectly.

Adding freshly grated Parmesan cheese to the breadcrumbs boosts flavor while enhancing the crust’s richness.

Cheese Selection

The choice of cheese can make or break the dish. Freshly grated Parmesan cheese provides a sharp, nutty taste.
Fresh mozzarella adds creaminess and melts beautifully over the chicken.

Marinara Sauce

The marinara sauce acts as the flavorful foundation of Chicken Parmesan. Made from tomatoes, garlic, onions, and herbs, this sauce complements the crispy chicken and cheese.
Using high-quality canned tomatoes or fresh, vine-ripened tomatoes makes a significant difference in the sauce’s taste.

If you’re looking to perfect your marinara, refer to this guide to making the perfect tomato sauce.

Crafting the Perfect Marinara Sauce

A great marinara sauce is the soul of Chicken Parmesan. Preparing it at home ensures maximum flavor and freshness.

Ingredients:

2 tablespoons olive oil
1 onion, finely chopped
3 cloves garlic, minced
1 can (28 oz) crushed tomatoes
1 teaspoon dried oregano
Salt and pepper to taste
A pinch of sugar (optional, to balance acidity)
Handful of fresh basil leaves

Instructions:

Heat the olive oil in a large saucepan over medium heat. Add the chopped onion and sauté until it becomes translucent (about 5 minutes).
Stir in the garlic and cook for an additional minute, ensuring it doesn’t burn.
Pour in the crushed tomatoes, oregano, salt, and pepper. Stir well to combine.
Allow the sauce to simmer uncovered for 20–30 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking.
Add fresh basil during the last 5 minutes of cooking for a fragrant finish.

Homemade marinara sauce not only enhances the dish but also allows you to customize the flavors to your liking.

Preparation Tips for Chicken Parmesan

Making Chicken Parmesan at home may seem daunting, but following these preparation tips ensures success every time.

Step-by-Step Instructions

Prepare the Chicken:
- Trim the chicken breasts to remove any excess fat.
- Use a meat mallet to pound each breast to ¼-inch thickness.
Set Up a Dredging Station:
- Bowl 1: All-purpose flour seasoned with salt and pepper.
- Bowl 2: Beaten eggs.
- Bowl 3: A mix of breadcrumbs, Parmesan cheese, and dried Italian herbs.
Bread the Chicken:
- Coat the chicken first in flour, then dip it into the beaten eggs, and finally press it into the breadcrumb mixture.
Fry the Chicken:
- Heat oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Fry the breaded chicken cutlets for 3–4 minutes on each side until golden brown.
Assemble the Dish:
- Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C).
- Place the fried cutlets in a baking dish.
- Spoon marinara sauce over each piece and top with slices of mozzarella and a sprinkle of Parmesan.
Bake:
- Bake for 20–25 minutes, or until the cheese is bubbly and golden.

Baking vs. Frying Chicken Parmesan

Both methods have their merits. Here’s how they compare:

Frying Method

Results in a crispier, golden-brown crust.
Requires more oil and adds calories.

Baking Method

Reduces the need for oil, making it a healthier option.
Produces a slightly softer crust.

For a balanced approach, try frying the chicken lightly and finishing it in the oven for the best of both worlds.

Serving Suggestions and Pairings

Chicken Parmesan is versatile and pairs beautifully with a variety of side dishes.

Traditional Pairings:

Spaghetti or fettuccine tossed in marinara sauce.
A fresh Caesar salad with crunchy croutons.
Warm, buttery garlic bread.

Creative Pairings:

Serve over zucchini noodles for a low-carb alternative.
Pair with roasted vegetables like asparagus or Brussels sprouts.

Variations of Chicken Parmesan

Classic Eggplant Parmesan

For a vegetarian spin, substitute chicken with slices of breaded eggplant. This variation delivers the same comforting flavors while catering to plant-based diets.

Low-Carb Chicken Parmesan

Replace breadcrumbs with almond flour or crushed pork rinds for a keto-friendly alternative.

Chicken Parmesan Casserole

Instead of individual cutlets, layer all the ingredients in a casserole dish for a family-style meal.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even seasoned cooks can stumble when preparing Chicken Parmesan. Here are some pitfalls to steer clear of:

Skipping the Tenderizing Step: Pounding the chicken ensures even cooking and a tender bite.
Using Pre-Shredded Cheese: Freshly grated mozzarella and Parmesan melt better and provide superior flavor.
Overcrowding the Pan: When frying, cook the cutlets in batches to maintain a crisp crust.
Skipping the Resting Step: Allow the dish to rest for 5 minutes before serving to let the flavors meld.

Nutritional Information

A standard serving of Chicken Parmesan, paired with pasta, offers a balanced nutritional profile:

Calories: 600–800
Protein: 40–50 grams
Fat: 25–35 grams
Carbohydrates: 50–60 grams

Pro tip: Opt for baked variations and serve with whole-grain pasta or a salad to lighten the calorie load.

Frequently Asked Questions

What cheese is best for Chicken Parmesan?
Fresh mozzarella and authentic Parmesan cheese are the gold standards. They create a creamy, melty texture and nutty flavor.

Can Chicken Parmesan be made ahead of time?
Yes! Prepare the chicken cutlets and marinara sauce in advance. Assemble and bake when ready to serve.

Is Chicken Parmesan Italian?
While inspired by Italian dishes like Melanzane alla Parmigiana, Chicken Parmesan is a product of Italian-American cuisine.

Can I make Chicken Parmesan without frying?
Absolutely! Baking is a great alternative. Coat the chicken with breadcrumbs, spray with cooking oil, and bake at 400°F for 20–25 minutes.

What can I serve with Chicken Parmesan?
Popular pairings include pasta, salads, roasted vegetables, and garlic bread.

How do I store leftovers?
Store in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3 days. Reheat in the oven to maintain crispiness.

Conclusion

Chicken Parmesan remains a timeless favorite, celebrated for its blend of crispy chicken, savory marinara sauce, and gooey cheese. By understanding what is chicken parmesan made of and mastering its preparation techniques, you can recreate this beloved Italian-American dish in your own kitchen.

Looking for more Italian-American recipe inspiration? Check out these traditional Italian dishes.

What is Chicken Parmesan Made Of?